談?wù)劯咛幾鳂I(yè)-Working at height
If the job you're about to do involves working at height, or at a location where there is a potential of tools or equipment dropping to a lower level causing serious harm. For example, working in towers, temporary scaffold platforms, walkways etc.
如果你要做的工作涉及到高處作業(yè),或者工作的地點存在工具或者設(shè)備可能會掉到低層造成嚴(yán)重傷害。例如,在塔臺、臨時的腳手架平臺、走道等場所作業(yè)。
Then, drops prevention always starts before you begin the job, and should be part of the planning phase. Take the time to think about your work area and the size of the drop zone, and the correct effective positioning of barriers to keep everyone clear.
在工作之前,我們就要開始預(yù)防墜落,這應(yīng)該是工作計劃環(huán)節(jié)的一部分。請花點時間考慮下工作區(qū)域和物體墜落區(qū)的大小,及符合真實情況的警戒區(qū)(字面意思:障礙區(qū),結(jié)合上下文,并請教EHS專業(yè)老師,這里理解為:警戒區(qū)。謝謝?。?,以期讓所有人都很清楚。
Think about the tools and equipment you'll use. Check they're in good condition. And only take tools with you that you'll need to complete the task. It’s a good idea to take note of the number of tools you'd take up with you.
想一想要使用的工具和設(shè)備。要檢查它們是否完好。請只帶上完成任務(wù)所需要的工具。記下要使用的工具的數(shù)量,是個很不錯的主意。
Make sure they're attached securely to your tool belt or bag. Using the correct lanyards or securing devices. Think about how you can prevent objects from falling. Check your pockets for any loose items. Sources have dropped objects, include: small tools, nuts, bolts, nails, screws, washers and Allen Keys, even pens and pencils can be potential dropped objects. Check for any gaps that equipment, tools, or small items could fall through. Make sure toe or kick boards are in place on your scaffold, and netting is placed around the runners.
請確保需要使用的工具及設(shè)備牢固地系在工具腰帶或者在工具包上。要使用正確的安全繩或者固定裝置。請想一想如何防止物體的掉落。檢查口袋里有沒有松動的東西。會墜落的物體包括:小工具、螺母、螺栓、釘子、螺絲、墊圈和內(nèi)六角扳手,甚至筆與鉛筆都可能是潛在的墜落物體。檢查設(shè)備、工具或者小件,是否有掉落的間隙。要確保腳趾或者踢腳板在腳手架上就位,并在橫桿周圍放置防護(hù)網(wǎng)。
If you're working over grating, think about using a mat, board, or tarpaulin to make sure the grating is covered. Do you have the right fall protection equipment available to use? Remember you need to prevent yourself from being a dropped object, too.
如果你在格柵上工作,要考慮使用墊子、木板或者防水布來確保格柵能被蓋住。有合適的防墜落裝備嗎?請記住,我們也要防止自己成為墜落的物體。
Before starting the task, always check ropes, lanyards, or other securing devices. Are they twisted or frayed? Could they snap or work loose? Take a minute to check them. Have you done everything you can to make sure there are no opportunities for objects to drop? If so, you're ready to begin your work. But remember: always stay alert. Conditions can change suddenly when you're at sea with sudden vessel movements which can displace tools or equipment lying on deck. Or when you're on shore, wet weather or strong winds can mean that something may become a risk that wasn't before.
作業(yè)開始前,務(wù)必要檢查繩索、吊繩或者其他固定裝置。變形了,還是磨損了?會折斷或者松動嗎?務(wù)必花點時間檢查一下。已經(jīng)用了最大努力來確保沒有機(jī)會讓物體掉落嗎?如果是這樣,你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好開始工作了。不過,請記?。阂恢北3志?。如果在海上,情況會突然發(fā)生變化,船只的突然移動,會讓甲板上的工具或者設(shè)備移位?;蛘?,在岸上時,陰雨天氣或者強(qiáng)風(fēng)都意味著:某些原本不是風(fēng)險的東西,可能會成為風(fēng)險。
When you reach the worksite, you should always check any fixed equipment, or plant, bolts, or other fixings or fastenings may have been secured the last time you were at there. But remember things can change. Look for any bolts, end caps, redundant materials, or tools that may have been left by a previous work party, or that could have come loose with vibration, or weathered with rust.
到達(dá)工作場所時,每次,我們都應(yīng)該檢查所有的固定的裝備,或者設(shè)備,或者螺栓,或者其他的固定物,或者緊固件,這些固定裝備可能在上一次的高處作業(yè)時確實是牢固的。不過,要記住:情況是會變化的。要查看所有螺栓、端蓋、多余的物料或者工具,這些可能是某個工作組所留下的,或者可能是會由于振動而松動,或者因為生銹而腐蝕。
Always use the right tool for the job, even if it means you have to stop the job and go down again to collect it. If you do have to leave the worksite at any point, first, make sure you check you have secured any bolts, fastening or fittings properly, and not left any loose replacement parts behind. All completion of your task and before leaving, check that all the tools that were taken up are secured in your work belt or bag. How many tools did you take up with you? Make sure you have them all before you climb down.
即使“需要必須停止工作,并下去取工具”,也要始終為工作使用正確的工具。在任何時間點,如果必須離開現(xiàn)場,首先,一定要確保已正確固定所有的螺栓、緊固件或者配件,并且沒有留下任何松動的需要更換的零件。在完成工作離開之前,請檢查所有被拿走的工具是否都固定在工作腰帶或者工作包上了。帶了多少工具呢?在從高處作業(yè)區(qū)域下來之前,請確保把工具都拿上了。
Always take care on your descent or ascent. Watch out for handrails, brackets, or fittings that could snag your tool belt or bag. If you become caught and feel resistance, always stop and check what the problem is, and free yourself carefully. Never use force to free yourself. You may not be working at height, but when there is work above or below you, make sure you do not cross any barriers or enter into any barrier zone. Never put yourself in the line of fire. If you ever see anyone in the drop zone, speak up. It could help prevent an incident.
在下降或者上升時,一定要小心。當(dāng)心扶手、架子或者固定裝置,這些可能會鉤住工具腰帶或者工具包。如果你被鉤住,并感覺有阻力,一定要停下來檢查看看問題出在哪,然后,小心翼翼地把自己挪開。千萬不要竭力挪開自己。也許,你并不在高處作業(yè),不過,在上方或者下方有作業(yè)時,要確保沒有穿過任何警戒,或者進(jìn)入到任何警戒區(qū)域。千萬不要讓自己處于火線上。如果你在物體墜落區(qū)看到任何人,請大聲說話。這有助于防止發(fā)生意外事件。
Let’s look at a working at height scenario:
讓我們來看一個高處作業(yè)的場景:
During maintenance operations, a light fixture became dislodged from its anchor point possibly due to vibration. It didn't fall as the cable was still attached, but it hadn't been checked to make sure that it was secure before the work in the surrounding area was carried out, nobody was hurt on that occasion.
維護(hù)作業(yè)中,一個燈具可能由于會振動而從其固定點脫落。不過,由于和電纜仍然連在一起,所以,沒有墜落,而在周圍區(qū)域的工作開展之前,沒有檢查并確保其是牢固的,正是當(dāng)時沒有人受傷。
But if it had fallen, there could have been serious consequences. After this incident, it was also identified that the drop zone was not wide enough for the work at height being undertaken. This means that anyone standing behind the barrier may have had a full sense of security and could realistically been hit. As part of your stop, look and think habit, you should always look at ground level, too. Is the drop zone wide enough for any dropped object? Could the object be deflected as it falls? Could it bounce?
但是如果燈具掉下來了,可能會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果。意外事件發(fā)生后,還發(fā)現(xiàn)物體墜落區(qū)域過窄,根本無法進(jìn)行高處作業(yè)。這意味著任何站在警戒區(qū)域后面已經(jīng)感到安全的人,可能會被墜落的物體擊中。作為停止、觀察和思考習(xí)慣的一部分,我們也應(yīng)該始終關(guān)注地面上的情況。對于墜落的物體而言,物體墜落區(qū)域是否足夠?qū)挸ǎ课矬w下落時會發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)嗎?物體會反彈嗎?
If in doubt, always extend the drop zone. It’s better to over than underestimate the extent of the drop zone. Are there sufficient signs and barriers in place? If it's possible, conduct any working at height activities at low activity times when there are less people around.
如果存在疑問,要擴(kuò)大物體墜落區(qū)域。這總比低估物體墜落區(qū)的面積要好。在合適的位置,是否有足夠的標(biāo)志和警戒?如果有可能的話,要在周圍人少且作業(yè)活動少的時間,進(jìn)行高處作業(yè)。
Summary
總結(jié)
Vigilance is key-Stop, look and think of ways to prevent objects dropping before starting work. Always secure tools and equipment when working at height. Using approved, fit for purpose securing devices. Check fixed plant or equipment for anything loose, damaged or rusty. Check the security of all loads and the lifting equipment before the lift.
各位,警惕是關(guān)鍵-在工作前,要停下來尋找并思考防止物體墜落的方法。高處作業(yè)時,請務(wù)必固定好工具和設(shè)備。使用經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)的、合適的固定裝置。要檢查固定裝置或者設(shè)備有無松動、損壞或者生銹。在起重作業(yè)前,請檢查所有的重物與起重設(shè)備的安全性。
Never place yourself within a drop zone or enter a barriered zone. Remain vigilant throughout work at height, or when lifting, loading or unloading. If you see a loose object anywhere, pick it up and secure it .Then report it. Stop the job, if something is not safe. Communication with other work parties and contractors is key.
不要將自己置身于物體墜落去與或者進(jìn)入警戒區(qū)。要在整個高處作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié),或者起重、裝貨或者卸貨時保持警惕。如果在任何地方看到物體松動,撿起來并把它固定好,之后請報告該情況。如果存在某些不安全的狀況,請把工作停下來。與其他的工作組及承包商進(jìn)行溝通,這才是關(guān)鍵。‍