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外企的事故分級

事故分級在西方各個國家基本上都是相同的。尤其在歐美發(fā)達國家。在安全管理上中國要想跟世界有共同語言,那么事故分級就應該是最先要考慮先行一步接軌的。

 

我也看到,經(jīng)常朋友們也在問,什么是急救工傷first aid? 什么是可記錄工傷事故Recordable Injury?什么是醫(yī)療工傷Medically Treatment Injury?什么是損時工傷 Lost time injury/Lost wrok day case?什么是未遂事故Near Misses?什么是可記錄工傷事故率TRIR?要搞清楚這些概念,我們還是先看看美國獲獎安全視頻如何講述事故的漸進過程的。

看完以上視頻,大家是不是有了美國事故分級的基本概念?美國海因里希事故冰山理論里顯示的事故分級包括死亡、可記錄工傷事故、急救工傷事故和險兆事故(未遂事故),美國OSHA標準中工傷分級也差不多是一樣的。為了更加形象地說明問題,看看這個事故分級金字塔。

 

 

 

下面就詳細說說各種工傷事故分級的概念:

 
 
 
 
 
 

損時工傷/失時工傷:是可記錄工傷。這種是導致受傷者被醫(yī)療服務提供方建議休假的可記錄傷害。你沒有記錄傷害或疾病發(fā)生的天數(shù)。雇員有沒有記錄沒關(guān)系,我們記錄。

Lost work days case or Lost Time Injury: These arerecordable injuries that result in the injured person being taken off work bythe medical provider. You do not count the day in which the injury or illnessoccurred. It does not matter if the employee is scheduled or not, we countcalendar days.

工作受限工傷:是可記錄工傷。這種是導致受傷者被醫(yī)療服務提供方建議重返工作崗位,但是被禁止他/她履行常規(guī)工作職責,但可以做調(diào)整性或過渡性工作的限制的可記錄工傷。

Restricted Work Injury:  Restricted work activity occurs when,as the result of a work-related injury or illness, an employer or health careprofessional keeps, or recommends keeping, an employee from doing the routine functionsof his or her job or from working the full workday that the employee would havebeen scheduled to work before the injury or illness

These are injuries that are recordableinjuries that result in the injured person being returned to work by themedical provider but with restrictions that prohibit him/her from doing theirnormal job duties but can do modified or transitional work.

 
 
 
 
 

醫(yī)療工傷/其他可記錄工傷: 這種是最不嚴重的可記錄工傷。這類傷害是除了急救之外,不會導致限制工作日或缺勤的治療。舉個例子,一個員工的手指在醫(yī)院縫了3針,然后被告知沒有限制條件地重返工作崗位。例如,

Other Recordable :Theseare the least severe recordable injuries. This category are for treatmentbeyond first aid recordable injuries that do not result in restricted work daysor lost work days. An example would be an employee that was given 3 stitches inthe finger and then told to return to work with no restrictions.

 

 非可記錄傷害事件:急救工傷

如果傷害只需要如下類型的治療,認定為非可記錄傷害即急救工傷

·在非處方強度下使用非處方藥物

·注射破傷風免疫接種

·清潔、沖洗或浸泡皮膚表面的傷口

·使用傷口覆蓋物,如繃帶、急救繃帶、紗布片等,或者使用膠帶或蝴蝶繃帶

·使用熱療法或者冷療法

·使用任何完全非剛性的支持手段,如彈性繃帶、覆蓋、非剛性的腰帶,等等

·在運送事故受害人途中使用臨時固定設備(夾板、索具、頸托或背板)

·挑破手指或腳趾上的水泡來緩解壓力或排除液體;

·使用眼罩

·使用簡單的沖洗或棉簽清除嵌入或黏附在眼中的異物

·使用沖洗、鑷子、棉簽或其他簡單的方法移除眼睛區(qū)域以外碎片或異物

·使用指套

·使用按摩

·喝水緩解發(fā)熱

 

Non Recordable Injury Incidents

First Aid:If theincident required only the following types of treatment, consider it first aid.

·   Using non-prescriptionmedications at non-prescription strength;

·   Administering tetanusimmunizations

·   Cleaning, flushing, or soakingwounds on the skin surface;

·    Using wound coverings, such asbandages, BandAids?, gauze pads, etc., or using SteriStrips? or butterflybandages;

·  Using hot or cold therapy;

·  Using any totally non-rigidmeans of support, such as elastic bandages, wraps, non-rigid back belts, etc;

·  Using temporary immobilizationdevices while transporting anaccident victim (splints, slings, neck collars, orback boards);

·  Drilling a fingernail or toenailto relieve pressure, or draining fluids from blisters;

·  Using eye patches;

·  Using simple irrigation or acotton swab to remove foreign bodies not embedded in or adhered

·  Using irrigation, tweezers,cotton swab or other simple means to remove splinters or foreign material from areas otherthan the eye;

·  Using finger guards;

·  Using massages

·  Drinking fluids to relieve heatstress.

 
 
 
 
 
 

非可記錄工傷里除了急救工傷以外,還有一種是叫做“只匯報工傷”。員工受傷后沒有進行任何處理或者根本不需要任何處理?;蛘呤軅呔芙^處理。

Report Only No Treatment: Use this classificationif an injury incident occurs that did not require any treatment, or treatmentis declined by the IP, and is reported only. These incidents may be capturedfor various reasons such as for improvement purposes, or in case the injuryworsens and a record of the initial incident is required

 

未遂事故是指未發(fā)生健康損害、人身傷亡、重大財產(chǎn)損失與環(huán)境破壞的事故。

Near Misses:

A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury,illness, or damage – but had the potential to do so. Only a fortunate break inthe chain of events prevented an injury, fatality or damage; in other words, amiss that was nonetheless very near. The phrase 'near miss' shouldnot to be confused with the phrases 'nearly a miss' or 'theynearly missed' which would imply a collision. Synonymous phrases to'near miss' are 'close call', or 'nearly acollision'.

 
 
 
 
 
 

可記錄工傷事故率

美國OSHA標準中規(guī)定了可記錄工傷事故率的計算方法。

假如以一年為一個時間周期,可記錄工傷事故率就是這一年中發(fā)生的所有可記錄工傷和職業(yè)病的總數(shù),乘以20萬工時再除以一年公司的所有員工的總工時。得出的就是可記錄工傷率。20萬工時是基于100個工人一天工作8小時,每周工作40小時,一年工作50周而計算的。

 

為什么要計算可記錄工傷率?因為第一,你可以知道自己公司的安全業(yè)績,第二,更可以知道你們公司在同行業(yè)中的安全業(yè)績水平。從而,知道一個趨勢,采取預防可記錄工傷事故發(fā)生的措施。

Anincidence rate is the number of recordable injuries and illnesses occurringamong a given number offull-time workers (usually 100 fulltime workers) over a given period of time (usuallyone year). To evaluate your firm’s injury and illness experience over time orto compare your firm’sexperience with that of your industry as a whole, you need to compute yourincidence rate. Because a specific number of workers and a specific period oftime are involved, these rates can help you identify problems in your workplaceand/or progress you may have made in preventing work-related injuries andillnesses. How do you calculate an incidence。

200,000 =base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeksper year).

這是計算公式: