FM DataSheets (FM規(guī)范)
轉(zhuǎn)載:
財(cái)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制(Property Risk Control)是FM的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)。FM工程師的用的是FMOS(鎖在FM工程師電腦里不許復(fù)制散播),和大家看到的FMDS不同,其中有FM條例規(guī)范的解釋以及變通的方法。多年前FMDS光盤也是要收費(fèi)的,而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)公開了,可以在FM官網(wǎng)上下載,只要輸入相關(guān)注冊(cè)信息就行。規(guī)范更新時(shí),還會(huì)郵件通知你。
雖然FM只是保險(xiǎn)公司,它的FMDS(DataSheet)只能稱其為技術(shù)規(guī)范,而不像 NFPA(國(guó)際認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))和 GB(國(guó)家認(rèn)可的標(biāo)準(zhǔn))都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但是由于FM在風(fēng)控上的投入(FM在美國(guó)有自己的火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,通過火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了許多寶貴的參數(shù),如:火災(zāi)發(fā)展的特性、不同可燃物的火災(zāi)控制以及自動(dòng)噴淋系統(tǒng)的保護(hù)等),他們得到了財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)控領(lǐng)域的高度認(rèn)可。NFPA的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編制審核專家組成員中,有FM的資深工程師。NFPA和FM有許多技術(shù)規(guī)范也是相互借鑒的,只是個(gè)別的技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)和參數(shù)有些不同。
由于FM Global 公司在財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制領(lǐng)域有著獨(dú)特的地位,所以受到許多國(guó)際知名企業(yè)的推崇。在新建項(xiàng)目或者管理企業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí),他們會(huì)用FM的技術(shù)規(guī)范作為要求。因此,F(xiàn)MDS非常值得大家學(xué)習(xí)借鑒。
FMDS分為許多大類(會(huì)不定期更新),每個(gè)大類又包含許多規(guī)范,涵蓋了財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)控的四大要素COPE以及Utilities,其中以各種危害(Hazards)和保護(hù)系統(tǒng)(Protection) 尤為重要。所有FM項(xiàng)目的依據(jù),都是出自這些規(guī)范。以下是關(guān)鍵的或常用的FMDS的目錄,標(biāo)紅的為風(fēng)控工程師必修課,大家可以按需下載學(xué)習(xí),如果有機(jī)會(huì)一定要找專家指點(diǎn)迷津以便迅速提升,少走彎路。我們團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部會(huì)定期舉辦專題培訓(xùn),有針對(duì)性地提高大家的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)。
1. CONSTRUCTION
1-1 Firesafe Building Construction and Materials 1-2 Earthquakes 1-6 Cooling Towers 1-12 Ceilings and Concealed Spaces 1-20 Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure 1-22 Maximum Foreseeable Loss 1-28 Wind Design 1-40 Flood 1-44 Damage-Limiting Construction 1-56 Cleanrooms |
2. SPRINKLERS (自動(dòng)噴淋系統(tǒng))
2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS |
2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS - 中文版 |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems - 中文版 |
2-81 Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance and Other Fire LP Inspections |
2-89 Pipe Friction Loss Tables |
3. WATER SUPPLY (消防供水)
3-0 Hydraulics of Fire Protection Systems |
3-1 Tanks and Reservoirs for Interconnected Fire Service and Public |
3-2 Water Tanks for Fire Protection |
3-7 Fire Protection Pumps |
3-7 Fire Protection Pumps (消防泵中文版) |
3-10 Installation/Maintenance of Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances |
3-26 Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties |
3-26 CHN (中文版) |
3-29 Reliability of Fire Protection Water Supplies |
4. EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
4-0 Special Protection Systems
4-1N Fixed Water Spray Systems for FP
4-2 Water Mist Systems
4-3N Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems
4-4N Standpipe and Hose Systems
4-7N Low Expansion Foam Systems
4-9 Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Fire
Extinguishing Systems
4-10 Dry Chemical Processing Systems
4-11N Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
4-12 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems
5. ELECTRICAL
5-1 Electrical Equipment in Classified Locations |
5-3 Hydroelectric Power |
5-4 Transformers |
5-8 Static Electricity |
5-11 Lightning and Surge Protection for Electrical Systems |
5-23 Emergency and Standby Power Systems |
5-31 Cables and Bus Bars |
5-32 Data Centers and Related Facilities |
5-33 Electrical Energy Storage Systems |
5-40 Fire Alarm Systems |
5-48 Automatic Fire Detection |
5-49 Gas/Vapor Detectors and Analysis Systems |
6. BOILERS AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
6-0 Elements of Industrial Heating Equipment
6-6 Boiler-Furnaces Implosions
6-9 Industrial Ovens and Dryers
6-10 Process Furnaces
6-12 Low-water Protection for Boilers
6-14 Heat Recovery Boilers
6-17 Rotary Kilns and Dryers
6-22 Firetube Boilers
6-23 Watertube Boilers
7. HAZARDS
7-0 Causes and Effects of Fires and Explosions |
7-1 Fire Protection for Textile Mills |
7-7 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities |
7-11 Conveyors |
7-14 Fire Protection for Chemical Plants |
7-17 Explosion Protection Systems |
7-25 Molten Steel Production |
7-26 Glass Plants |
7-27 Spray Application of Ignitable & Combustible Materials |
7-29 Ignitable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers |
7-29 CHN (中文版) |
7-31 Storage of Aerosol Products |
7-32 Ignitable Liquid Operations |
7-32 CHN (中文版) |
7-36 Pharmaceutical Operations |
7-43 Process Safety |
7-45 Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications |
7-46 Chemical Reactors and Reactions |
7-49 Emergency Venting of Vessels |
7-50 Compressed Gases in Portable Cylinders |
7-51 Acetylene |
7-52 Oxygen |
7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping |
7-55 LPG Storage in Stationary Installations |
7-57 Pulp and Paper Mills |
7-76 Prevention/Mitigation of Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire |
7-76 CHN (中文版) |
7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials (NFPA) |
7-83 Drainage and Containment Systems for Ignitable Liquids |
7-88 Ignitable Liquid Storage Tanks |
7-91 Hydrogen |
7-95 Compressors |
7-101 Fire Protection for Steam Turbines and Electric Generators |
7-108 Silane |
7-109 Fuel Fired Thermal Electric Power Generation Facilities |
7-111d Oilseed Extraction |
8. STORAGE (倉(cāng)儲(chǔ))
8-1 Commodity Classification
8-9 Storage of Class 1,2,3 4 & Plastic Commodities
8-9 CHN (中文版)
8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage
8-24 Idle Pallet Storage
8-29 Refrigerated Storage
8-34 Protection for Automatic Storage and
Retrieval Systems
9. MISCELLANEOUS
9-0 Asset Integrity
9-1 Supervision of Property
9-16 Burglary and Theft
9-18 Prevention of Freeze-Ups
9-19 Wildland Fire
10. HUMAN FACTOR (人員因素)
10-1 Pre-Incident Planning
10-2 Emergency Response
10-3 Hot Work Management
10-3 CHN (中文版)
10-4 Contractor Management
10-5 Disaster Recovery and Contingency Plan
10-6 Fire Protection Impairment Management
13. MECHANICAL
13-3 Steam Turbines
13-10 Wind Turbines
13-17 Gas Turbines
13-18 Fans and Blowers
13-24 Internal Combustion Engines
備注:
規(guī)范編號(hào)后綴帶N的就是借鑒NFPA的。
當(dāng)年還有一家保險(xiǎn)公司IRI - Industrial Risk Insurer 在財(cái)產(chǎn)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)控工程領(lǐng)域和FM齊名,不過后來慢慢分解轉(zhuǎn)型而造成目前FM似乎一家獨(dú)大的局面。不過IRI的 Risk Control Manual 也是非常不錯(cuò)的材料,適合中高級(jí)風(fēng)控工程師學(xué)習(xí),有機(jī)會(huì)和大家分享。
FM以噴淋系統(tǒng)見長(zhǎng),NFPA也是相當(dāng)推崇噴淋系統(tǒng),所以行業(yè)內(nèi)的真正專家沒有對(duì)自動(dòng)噴淋系統(tǒng)和消防供水系統(tǒng)不熟悉的(這些只是風(fēng)控工程師的基本功)。噴淋泵是噴淋系統(tǒng)的心臟,重要程度可想而知。這里,我們就稍微展開一下,談一談專家對(duì)噴淋系統(tǒng)的選擇。
噴淋系統(tǒng)供水
地上水池配合地上泵房是專業(yè)選擇。噴淋泵通常推薦臥式分體離心泵(horizontal split-case centrifugal pump)。FM-approved柴油泵為佳, FM-approved電泵也可以接受(視企業(yè)內(nèi)部規(guī)范而定)。
不是逼不得已不要采用地下水池設(shè)計(jì)。如果一定要地下水池,那么只能采用FM Approved 立式長(zhǎng)軸渦輪泵(vertical-shaft turbine-type pump),或者地下泵房(增加通風(fēng)等諸多要求)加臥式分體離心泵。(具體內(nèi)容可以參考NFPA20以及FMDS3-7自學(xué))
噴淋系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)決定噴水強(qiáng)度和作用面積,可以用軟件做水力計(jì)算。(具體內(nèi)容可以參考NFPA13或者FMDS2-0自學(xué),對(duì)英語(yǔ)困難戶的好消息是FMDS2-0也有中文版的,據(jù)說當(dāng)初FM請(qǐng)新加坡華人翻譯的,雖然譯得有點(diǎn)艱澀,但還算可讀。)
管網(wǎng)
推薦球墨鑄鐵管(ductile iron)埋地加水泥支墩(thrust block)。地上鍍鋅鋼管絲扣連接,不允許焊接
分段閥推薦PIV(post indicative valve),喜歡挖閥井用閘閥也可以
噴淋頭
型號(hào)和溫度等級(jí)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況確定
噴頭安裝防阻擋,美標(biāo)國(guó)標(biāo)都有要求